Is it actuallyoverheating, or just indicating overheat? Quick temperature changes like that often are due to spurious signals, but if you have physical symptoms like steam or secondary temp readings, check the obvious: radiator clean and good air flow, water pump belt snug and turning proper, coolant level and condition.
The recovery tank should be between the hot and cold marks; you'll want to adjust the level with everything cold and the block and radiator completely filled, the recovery tank to the cold mark. Its purpose is to let the water expand out of the radiator, and draw it back after it cools so you always have a full radiator. It's important to keep it at the correct level so the siphon continuity is intact. It also lets you know at a glance the coolant level without opening the cap. Also, if it starts to overflow, that would indicate a bigger problem where something is getting into the cooling system, like oil or compression gasses.